Abstract: The characteristics of dry sliding friction and wear of unidirectional solidification high chromium white cast iron are investigated with quenching 40Cr steel(HRC51~53). The anisotropy of carbide fibre is considered. The experiment results indicate that the wear anisotropy changes with friction power. The wear rate of cross section of carbide fibre is lower than that of longitudinal section when friction power is lower than a critical value,but the wear rate of cross section of carbide fibre is higher than that of longitudinal section when friction power is higher than the critical value. The critical friction power changes with the matrix structure and that with austenite is the highest. The friction factor is not related to the anisotropy of carbide fibre.