Abstract: According to the climatic characteristics of the cold region and with the low temperature and alternating temperature as the main environmental parameters,the mechanical properties of 8 kinds of rubber materials of rail vehicles were analyzed in this paper. Through mechanical tests at high and low temperatures and the alternating temperature test,the mechanical properties of the materials of the rail vehicles were compared. The results showed that the properties of the materials changed greatly when the temperature changed,which was mainly related to the rubber compound and the formula. The mechanical properties at low temperature and low temperature rebound test results showed that the rubber materials of high flexibility(such as natural rubber and polybutadiene) had good mechanical strength and elasticity at low temperatures. The 8 kinds of rubber materials showed decreased tensile strength after the alternating temperature test.