Abstract: The basic principle of the local resonance of the acoustic metamaterials, and its negative effective mass density, negative effective bulk modulus and double negatives are introduced. The structure forms, basic principles and performances of the local resonance based phononic crystal, membrane type, phononic glass, frequency code type acoustic metamaterials are introduced. The structure form, method of acoustic absorbing and the lastest research of acoustic absorbing metamaterials based on other principles are also disscussed. Finally, the future development of acoustic metamaterials is prospected.