Abstract: The polyurethane composite sleeper was used as the research object, and its transverse compressive strength was tested, Besides, pure polyurethane foam was prepared and its compressive strength was tested. The compressive strengthes of the two materials were compared and analyzed. The results show that the transverse compression failure of polyurethane synthetic sleepers is 45° shear stress failure, and its transverse compressive strength is lower than that of pure polyurethane foam of the same density.