Abstract: To estimate the strength of high manganese austenitic cryogenic steel through Vickers hardness, Vickers hardness tests and room temperature tensile tests are conducted on high manganese austenitic cryogenic steels with four different compositions in different stages including hot rolling, welding thermal simulation, heat treatment, and cold deformation. Regression analysis is used to obtain the regression relationship between Vickers hardness and ultimate tensile and yield strengths. It is concluded that strong linear positive correlation exists between Vickers hardness and ultimate tensile and yield strengths, and the regression equations and correlation coefficients are obtained. The established linear regression equation could be used to directly predict the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of this type of high manganese austenitic cryogenic steel through Vickers hardness, and the fitting result has high accuracy.