Abstract: The effects of chemical composition and heat treatment process on mechanical properties of TA5 alloy bars were investigated. The results showed that the strength of TA5 alloy bars increased obviously while the plasticity declined slightly by increasing the content of aluminum, oxygen and nitrogen elements to enhance aluminum equivalence. With increase of annealing temperature between 700℃ and 800℃, the strength declined and the plasticity rose. The strength and plasticity of TA5 alloy bars could best match when heat treatment temperature was between 740℃ and 780℃. Compared with air cooling, the strength of TA5 alloy bars declined and the plasticity rose evidently when combination of furnace cooling and then air cooling was adopted.