Abstract: With the emergence of cryogenic materials, the low-temperature performances of aluminum alloys have attracted increasing attention; however, relevant studies on 1561 aluminum alloy have rarely been reported. In this work, the mechanical properties and microstructures of a 10 mm thick 1561 aluminum alloy plate were investigated at different test temperatures using high and low temperature tensile testing, high and low temperature impact testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The experimental results showed that as temperature decreasing, impact absorbed energy of the 1561 aluminum alloy plate first decreased and then increased while the tensile strength and yield strength increased and the fracture elongation decreased, exhibiting a discernible ductile-to-brittle transition tendency. After cryogenic treatment, the specimens exhibited reduced deformation, overall residual stress relief, and decrease in dislocation density, while the strength was basically equivalent to that at room temperature. These findings may provide both data and theoretical support for future applications of 1561 aluminum alloy in fields such as LNG storage tanks.