Abstract: High-manganese steel has become a new ideal material to replace aluminum alloy and 9Ni steel in making LNG tanks due to its excellent low-temperature performance. However, up to more than 25% manganese content will generate a large amount of highly toxic manganese fume in the cause of welding, which is extremely hazardous to the health of workers, and thus this is one of the problems limiting the wide application of high-manganese steel. In this paper, the formation mechanism of welding manganese fume,and diffusion characteristics are summarized, and the manganese fume prevention and control measures in the current stage of engineering applications are reviewed, including from perspectives of improving the process and optimizing the welding consumables to reduce the manganese fume generation rate and capturing smoke. The future development direction is prospected.