Abstract: Testing and characterization techniques are the fundamentals for understanding of the macro-micro feature of materials, analyzing scientific problems and estimating engineering performance. The development of these techniques enormously facilitates the major breakthroughs and theoretical innovations. Therefore, closely tracking the cutting edge testing and characterization techniques and trying to apply them to the science and development process of material research are the main routes for innovation. Here are reviewed the development status of the testing and characterization techniques of mechanical properties, chemical composition, micro features, fatigue properties and corrosion properties, and is analyzed their future application in marine engineering materials, which is to offer a reference for the research and development of ship materials.