Abstract: As an important infrastructure, the bridge plays a key role in the national economic development. In the past few decades, on the one hand, the continuous development of the steel material and manufacturing technology has provided a strong impetus for the development of the bridge engineering in China. On the other hand, the corrosion failure of the steel structure is a significant factor influencing the stability and durability of the bridge. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop effective corrosion protection technology for steel structures. Here are summarized the research progress and engineering application of bridge structural steel in China, introduced the corrosion protection measures and application of steel structure bridge, and discussed the future development direction of bridge structural steel and corrosion prevention technology. The research result can provide references for the promoting of the research and application of bridge steel and the development of corrosion prevention technology.