Abstract: As a kind of renewable energy storage material, lithium ion batteries are preferred because of the advantages of large specific energy, small self-discharge and green environmental protection. However, due to the limited and unequal distribution of lithium resources, the lithium ion battery has a high cost and its life is shortened by frequent charging and discharging, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of future large-scale applications. In order to solve above problems, the new type of sodium ion battery can be used as a potential substitute for the traditional lithium ion battery. Here is mainly introduced the sodium storage mechanism of hard carbon materials, the preparation of biomass-derived hard carbon anodes by several common methods and their application in sodium ion batteries.