Abstract: Fabrication of low-dimensional metallized nanomaterials on self-assembly templates of biological molecules,such as lipid,protein and DNA molecules is reviewed in this paper.The biological molecules can self-assemble to form different nanostructures,such as nanotubes and nanowires,which can be utilized as templates to fabricate metallized nanostructures.Metallized nanotubes have a wide use in electric-magnetic active composite and controlled release vehicles of drug and marine antifouling agents due to their high strength,magnetic property,high current-conduction and heat-conduction.Metallized nanowires can be applied into the nano-devices and nano-circuits due to their special quantum effects.These researches can bridge the gap between biology and materials,and realize the transformation from biology to materials.Hence,metallization of biological templates will render an important path to lead the self-assembly nanostructures to the engineering applications.