Development of Customized Helium-Free Superconducting Magnet
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摘要: 磁场能够以无接触的方式直接作用于原子、分子、离子、晶粒等,从而调控材料的微观结构和性能,因此磁场在材料制备与性能调控过程中的应用受到越来越多的关注。常规电磁材料具有较低的载流密度、较大的电阻以及复杂的冷却系统,难以产生稳定的强磁场,而超导材料在低温下具有零电阻特性,其能够承载的电流密度是常规铜导体的100倍以上。由超导材料制备的超导磁体不仅能够产生更大尺寸的稳定强磁场,还具有重量轻、体积小、能耗低的优势,因此被广泛应用于医疗、交通、电力、加速器、国防、科学研究等领域。本研究对我国超导材料的发展、强磁场超导磁体技术与相关产品的最新进展进行了介绍,并对目前超导磁体研究面临的问题与未来发展方向进行总结。Abstract: Magnetic field can regulate the micro-structures and performances of materials through imposing a non-contact direct effect on atom, molecule, ion, and crystallite, therefore, more and more attention is paid on the application of magnetic field in material manufacturing and characterization. Magnets made of normal material are limited by the low current density, high electric resistance, and complex cooling system, as a result, they can hardly generate high static magnetic field. Superconducting material has zero-resistance below the transition temperature, and its current carrying capacity is 100 times higher than that of copper conductor. Magnets made of superconducting materials can generate much higher and larger scale magnetic field, while the magnets are lighter, more compact, and lower energy consuming. In this study, the development of superconducting material in China is introduced, the key technologies and recent progress in commericially customized superconducting magnet are revealed, and the obstacles and future directions of superconducting magnet are presented.
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